{"id":16084,"date":"2023-02-12T12:05:19","date_gmt":"2023-02-12T12:05:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nanion.de\/?post_type=products&#038;p=16084"},"modified":"2024-09-24T12:18:22","modified_gmt":"2024-09-24T12:18:22","slug":"how-it-works","status":"publish","type":"products","link":"https:\/\/nanion.com\/zh-hans\/products\/surfe%c2%b2r-n1\/how-it-works\/","title":{"rendered":"How it works"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pl-16084\" class=\"panel-layout\"><div id=\"pg-16084-0\" class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\"><div class=\"panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-16084-0\"><div id=\"pgc-16084-0-0\" class=\"panel-grid-cell\"><div id=\"panel-16084-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_characters-max-header-widget panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"0\"><div class=\"so-widget-characters-max-header-widget so-widget-characters-max-header-widget-default-d75171398898-16084\"><div class=\"characters-max-header\">\n\t<h4 style=\"color: #77c2a1;font-weight: 700;\">Measuring transporter currents<\/h4><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-16084-0-1\" class=\"panel-grid-cell\"><div class=\"panel-cell-style panel-cell-style-for-16084-0-1\"><div id=\"panel-16084-0-1-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child\" data-index=\"1\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>Solid supported membrane (SSM)-based electrophysiology differs from conventional electrophysiology such as patch-clamp, since no living cells are required, but rather diverse native or artificial membrane vesicles. The samples used range from reconstituted protein in proteoliposomes to membrane preparations from organelles or plasma membrane. For the sample preparation bacterial cells, eukaryotic cell culture or native tissue can be used. The membrane sample is added to an SSM in advance of the experiment. This leads to the stable adsorption of the membranes to the SSM and the formation of a capacitively coupled compound membrane. The SSM itself consists of a lipid monolayer on top of a thiolated gold coated sensor chip. One important advantage compared to patch-clamp is the large sensor size of up to 3 mm. This allows the measurement of about 10<sup>9<\/sup>&nbsp;transporters at the same time and yields a significant improvement of signal to noise ratio. Therefore low-turnover targets become accessible to electrophysiological characterization.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-16084-0-1-1\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-image panel-last-child\" data-index=\"2\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-image so-widget-sow-image-default-113ccd71f3e6-16084\">\n<div class=\"sow-image-container\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/SSM-how-it-works_1200x754.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\n\t\t\t<noscript><img src=\"https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/SSM-how-it-works_1200x754.jpg\" width=\"1200\" height=\"754\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/SSM-how-it-works_1200x754.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/SSM-how-it-works_1200x754-300x189.jpg 300w, https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/SSM-how-it-works_1200x754-1024x643.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/SSM-how-it-works_1200x754-768x483.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" alt class=\"so-widget-image\"><\/noscript><img src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201200%20754%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" width=\"1200\" height=\"754\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201200%20754%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" alt class=\"so-widget-image lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/SSM-how-it-works_1200x754.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/SSM-how-it-works_1200x754-300x189.jpg 300w, https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/SSM-how-it-works_1200x754-1024x643.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/SSM-how-it-works_1200x754-768x483.jpg 768w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/SSM-how-it-works_1200x754.jpg\">\n\t\t\t<\/a><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-16084-1\" class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\"><div class=\"panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-16084-1\"><div id=\"pgc-16084-1-0\" class=\"panel-grid-cell\"><div id=\"panel-16084-1-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_characters-max-header-widget panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"3\"><div class=\"so-widget-characters-max-header-widget so-widget-characters-max-header-widget-default-d75171398898-16084\"><div class=\"characters-max-header\">\n\t<h4 style=\"color: #77c2a1;font-weight: 700;\">Difference to conventional electrophysiology<\/h4><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-16084-1-1\" class=\"panel-grid-cell\"><div class=\"panel-cell-style panel-cell-style-for-16084-1-1\"><div id=\"panel-16084-1-1-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"4\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>An important difference between SSM-based electrophysiology and conventional electrophysiology is the principle of measurement. In patch-clamp electrophysiology, stationary currents can be obtained due to the fact that the voltage and, therefore, the driving force is clamped during the measurement. In SSM-based electrophysiology a substrate gradient established by a fast solution exchange is the main driving force. The transport of charged substrates or ions into the liposomes or vesicles generates a membrane potential. This potential can be detected via capacitive coupling between the membrane and the SSM on the gold layer of the sensor. In short: The change in membrane potential due to electrogenic transport is measured. At some point the membrane potential equals the chemical driving force and the transport process comes to a halt. This is why any current measured with SSM-based electrophysiology is transient. The peak current amplitude reflects the transporter activity under steady-state conditions. Since the current decay is fast, one measurement takes only one second. Due to the high stability of the SSM, multiple measurements can be performed using the same sensor and different buffer conditions to determine kinetic parameters such as EC<sub>50<\/sub>, IC<sub>50<\/sub>&nbsp;or even rate constants.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-16084-2\" class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\"><div class=\"bg-left panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-16084-2\"><div id=\"pgc-16084-2-0\" class=\"panel-grid-cell\"><div id=\"panel-16084-2-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_siteorigin-panels-builder panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"5\"><div id=\"pl-w64128d7c962d3\" class=\"panel-layout\"><div id=\"pg-w64128d7c962d3-0\" class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\"><div class=\"panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-w64128d7c962d3-0\"><div id=\"pgc-w64128d7c962d3-0-0\" class=\"panel-grid-cell\"><div id=\"panel-w64128d7c962d3-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-headline panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"0\"><div class=\"all-font-bold panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-w64128d7c962d3-0-0-0\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-headline so-widget-sow-headline-default-98b37458d403\"><div class=\"sow-headline-container \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"sow-headline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tHow can we  help you?\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-w64128d7c962d3-0-1\" class=\"panel-grid-cell panel-grid-cell-empty panel-grid-cell-mobile-last\"><\/div><div id=\"pgc-w64128d7c962d3-0-2\" class=\"panel-grid-cell panel-grid-cell-empty\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-w64128d7c962d3-1\" class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\"><div class=\"panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-w64128d7c962d3-1\"><div id=\"pgc-w64128d7c962d3-1-0\" class=\"panel-grid-cell\"><div class=\"tablet-50 panel-cell-style panel-cell-style-for-w64128d7c962d3-1-0\"><div id=\"panel-w64128d7c962d3-1-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"1\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>Contact our specialist Dr. Maria Barthmes (Product Manager of the SURFE<sup>2<\/sup>R product family). Maria is delighted to help you:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-w64128d7c962d3-1-1\" class=\"panel-grid-cell\"><div class=\"tablet-50 panel-cell-style panel-cell-style-for-w64128d7c962d3-1-1\"><div id=\"panel-w64128d7c962d3-1-1-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"2\"><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-w64128d7c962d3-1-1-0\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p><strong><a href=\"mailto:Maria.Barthmes@nanion.de\">Maria.Barthmes@nanion.de<\/a><\/strong><br>\nor call: <strong>+49 89 2190 95-068<\/strong><br>\nor connect via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/maria-barthmes-840b246b\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>LinkedIn<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-w64128d7c962d3-1-2\" class=\"panel-grid-cell\"><div id=\"panel-w64128d7c962d3-1-2-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_image-out-container-theme-widget panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"3\"><div class=\"so-widget-image-out-container-theme-widget so-widget-image-out-container-theme-widget-default-d75171398898\">    <div class=\"img-out-container-warp\" style=\"max-width:420px;position:absolute;transform: translateX(120px); float:right; right:0; z-index: 10;\">\n        <style>.lazy-loader-background-element-1.lazyloaded{ background-image: url('https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Dotted-grid-1.svg') !important; }<\/style><noscript><style>.lazy-loader-background-element-1.lazyload{ background-image: url('https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Dotted-grid-1.svg') !important; }<\/style><\/noscript><div class=\"dotted-grid bottom-left mobile-disable-dotted-grid-aimation  lazyload lazy-loader-background-element-1 \" data-translatemarky=\"100\" data-translatemarkx=\"-100\" data-duration=\"180%\" data-mobilemargin=\"no\" style=\"width:340px;height:450px; max-width:100%;\"><\/div>        <div class=\"img-out-container\">\n            <noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"1040\" src=\"https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Maria_840x1040.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt srcset=\"https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Maria_840x1040.jpg 840w, https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Maria_840x1040-242x300.jpg 242w, https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Maria_840x1040-827x1024.jpg 827w, https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Maria_840x1040-768x951.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\"><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"1040\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20840%201040%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" class=\"attachment-full size-full lazyload\" alt srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20840%201040%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E 840w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Maria_840x1040.jpg 840w, https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Maria_840x1040-242x300.jpg 242w, https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Maria_840x1040-827x1024.jpg 827w, https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Maria_840x1040-768x951.jpg 768w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Maria_840x1040.jpg\">        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Solid supported membrane (SSM)-based electrophysiology  [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":16082,"menu_order":55,"template":"","product_categories":[],"class_list":["post-16084","products","type-products","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nanion.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/products\/16084","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nanion.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/products"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nanion.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/products"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nanion.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/products\/16082"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nanion.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16084"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_categories","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nanion.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_categories?post=16084"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}