{"id":18317,"date":"2025-10-22T11:14:19","date_gmt":"2025-10-22T09:14:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nanion.de\/?page_id=18317"},"modified":"2025-10-22T11:18:25","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T09:18:25","slug":"pores-and-channels","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/nanion.com\/zh-hans\/science-hub\/application-areas\/pores-and-channels\/","title":{"rendered":"Pores and channels"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pl-18317\" class=\"panel-layout\"><div id=\"pg-18317-0\" class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\"><div class=\"siteorigin-panels-stretch panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-18317-0\" data-stretch-type=\"full-width-stretch\"><div id=\"pgc-18317-0-0\" class=\"panel-grid-cell\"><div id=\"panel-18317-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_general-text-widget panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"0\"><div class=\"so-widget-general-text-widget so-widget-general-text-widget-title-widget-de16310f3dd9-18317\"><style>\n    <\/style>\n<div class=\"container simple-header-section \">\n\t<div class=\"titlewidget-section\" uk-scrollspy=\"cls:uk-animation-slide-bottom; delay: 300\">\n\t\t<svg class=\"bf-text-mobile\">\t\n\t\t\t<path class=\"st0\" d=\"M8.6,104.7V16.3H0V0h26v9.5v6.7v88.4v4.4v11.9H0v-16.3H8.6z\" \/>\n\t\t<\/svg>\n\n\t\t<svg class=\"bf-text\">\n\t\t\t<path d=\"M0.5,0.3V23h12v123h-12v22.7h36.3v-16.5V146V23v-9.4V0.3H0.5z\" \/>\n\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"title-box\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"texttitle\" uk-scrollspy=\"cls:uk-animation-slide-bottom; delay: 400\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1>Pores and channels<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"titledescription\" uk-scrollspy=\"cls:uk-animation-slide-bottom; delay: 500\">\n\t\t\t\t\tBig insights from small molecular structures.<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<svg class=\"at-text\">\n\t\t\t<path d=\"M25.2,146.2V22.8h12V0H0.8v13.3v9.4v123.5v6.2V169h36.3v-22.8H25.2z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t\n\t\t<svg class=\"at-text-mobile\">\t\n\t\t\t<path class=\"st0\" d=\"M17.4,104.7V16.3H26V0H0v9.5v6.7v88.4v4.4v11.9h26v-16.3H17.4z\" \/>\n\t\t<\/svg>\n\t<\/div>\n    <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-18317-1\" class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\"><div class=\"bg-right panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-18317-1\"><div id=\"pgc-18317-1-0\" class=\"panel-grid-cell\"><div id=\"panel-18317-1-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_read-more-widget panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"1\"><div class=\"white-text panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-18317-1-0-0\"><div class=\"so-widget-read-more-widget so-widget-read-more-widget-default-d75171398898-18317\"><style>\n    \/*.read-more-section .image-wrapper #box-img-1330445391{\n        width: ;\n        height: ;\n    }*\/\n    .read-more-section .image-wrapper #box-img-1330445391 .image{\n        width: calc(100% + );\n        height: calc(100% + );\n    }\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"read-more-section row\" id=\"readmore-401145381\">\n                            <div class=\"col-12 col-md-4 image-wrapper order-0\"> <!--data-aos=\"fade-down\" data-aos-offset=\"700\" data-aos-duration=\"5000\" data-aos-once=\"true\"-->\n                        <div class=\"box-img\" id=\"box-img-1330445391\" data-mark>\n                            <noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"image\" src=\"https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/22E3272w.jpg\" style><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"image lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" style data-src=\"https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/22E3272w.jpg\">\n                        <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"col-12 col-md-8 text-wrapper order-1\">\n        <div class=\"title\">\n            <h2>Types of <strong>Nanopores<\/strong><\/h2>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"description focus-description \">\n                <p>Nanopores, i.e. apertures with diameters in the nanometer range in an otherwise nonconductive surface, can be exploited for the detection and investigation of molecules on a single particle level as well as for applications like the sequencing of DNA, RNA, and even the primary structure of proteins. While solid-state nanopores are artificially engineered in materials like silicone nitride or aluminum oxide, lipid bilayers can provide a stable nonconductive matrix for the insertion of biological nanopores like e.g. alpha-Hemolysin or Aerolysin.<\/p>\n            <\/div>\n            \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<script>\n    jQuery(document).ready(function($){\n        jQuery('.read-more-section a[href^=\"tel:\"]').addClass('no-underline');\n\n        if($(document).width() <= 992){\n            let imgHeight = $(\"#readmore-401145381 .image-wrapper >.box-img\").height();\n            readMoreSetMgB(imgHeight);\n        }else{\n            readMoreSetMgB(0);\n        }\n        $(window).resize(function(){\n            if($(document).width() <= 992){\n                let imgHeight = $(\"#readmore-401145381 .image-wrapper >.box-img\").height();\n                readMoreSetMgB(imgHeight);\n            }else{\n                readMoreSetMgB(0);\n            }\n        })\n\n        function readMoreSetMgB(imgHeight){\n            \/*console.log('height '+imgHeight);*\/\n            if(imgHeight > 0){\n                $(\"#readmore-401145381\").closest('.panel-grid').css('margin-bottom',(imgHeight)+'px');\n            }else{\n                $(\"#readmore-401145381\").closest('.panel-grid').css('margin-bottom','');\n            }\n        }\n    });\n\n<\/script>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-18317-2\" class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\"><div id=\"pgc-18317-2-0\" class=\"panel-grid-cell panel-grid-cell-empty\"><\/div><div id=\"pgc-18317-2-1\" class=\"panel-grid-cell\"><div id=\"panel-18317-2-1-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"2\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<h2><strong>Native vs. engineered <\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2>channels, pores and toxins<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-18317-3\" class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\"><div class=\"panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-18317-3\"><div id=\"pgc-18317-3-0\" class=\"panel-grid-cell\"><div id=\"panel-18317-3-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_characters-max-header-widget panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"3\"><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-18317-3-0-0\"><div class=\"so-widget-characters-max-header-widget so-widget-characters-max-header-widget-default-d75171398898-18317\"><div class=\"characters-max-header\">\n\t<h4 style=\"color: #77c2a1;font-weight: 700;\">DNA nanopores<\/h4><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-18317-3-1\" class=\"panel-grid-cell\"><div class=\"panel-cell-style panel-cell-style-for-18317-3-1\"><div id=\"panel-18317-3-1-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child\" data-index=\"4\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>DNA provides a powerful tool to design nanopores of freely definable size and shape for the transport of certain molecules or their usage in sequencing applications. Lipid bilayers provide the means to investigate and verify the properties of such tailor-made DNA pores on a single molecule level.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-18317-3-1-1\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-image\" data-index=\"5\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-image so-widget-sow-image-default-334eeca80698-18317\">\n<div class=\"sow-image-container\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41565-022-01116-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\n\t\t\t<noscript><img src=\"https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2023-02-03-17_24_47-Fig.-4_-Specific-and-label-free-IgG-sensing-using-DNA-nanopores-Sqr-10-Biot-a\u2013f-e1676715206146.png\" width=\"1972\" height=\"744\" srcset=\"https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2023-02-03-17_24_47-Fig.-4_-Specific-and-label-free-IgG-sensing-using-DNA-nanopores-Sqr-10-Biot-a\u2013f-e1676715206146.png 1972w, https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2023-02-03-17_24_47-Fig.-4_-Specific-and-label-free-IgG-sensing-using-DNA-nanopores-Sqr-10-Biot-a\u2013f-e1676715206146-300x113.png 300w, https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2023-02-03-17_24_47-Fig.-4_-Specific-and-label-free-IgG-sensing-using-DNA-nanopores-Sqr-10-Biot-a\u2013f-e1676715206146-1024x386.png 1024w, https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2023-02-03-17_24_47-Fig.-4_-Specific-and-label-free-IgG-sensing-using-DNA-nanopores-Sqr-10-Biot-a\u2013f-e1676715206146-768x290.png 768w, https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2023-02-03-17_24_47-Fig.-4_-Specific-and-label-free-IgG-sensing-using-DNA-nanopores-Sqr-10-Biot-a\u2013f-e1676715206146-1536x580.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1972px) 100vw, 1972px\" alt class=\"so-widget-image\"><\/noscript><img src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201972%20744%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" width=\"1972\" height=\"744\" srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201972%20744%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E 1972w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1972px) 100vw, 1972px\" alt class=\"so-widget-image lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2023-02-03-17_24_47-Fig.-4_-Specific-and-label-free-IgG-sensing-using-DNA-nanopores-Sqr-10-Biot-a\u2013f-e1676715206146.png 1972w, https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2023-02-03-17_24_47-Fig.-4_-Specific-and-label-free-IgG-sensing-using-DNA-nanopores-Sqr-10-Biot-a\u2013f-e1676715206146-300x113.png 300w, https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2023-02-03-17_24_47-Fig.-4_-Specific-and-label-free-IgG-sensing-using-DNA-nanopores-Sqr-10-Biot-a\u2013f-e1676715206146-1024x386.png 1024w, https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2023-02-03-17_24_47-Fig.-4_-Specific-and-label-free-IgG-sensing-using-DNA-nanopores-Sqr-10-Biot-a\u2013f-e1676715206146-768x290.png 768w, https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2023-02-03-17_24_47-Fig.-4_-Specific-and-label-free-IgG-sensing-using-DNA-nanopores-Sqr-10-Biot-a\u2013f-e1676715206146-1536x580.png 1536w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/2023-02-03-17_24_47-Fig.-4_-Specific-and-label-free-IgG-sensing-using-DNA-nanopores-Sqr-10-Biot-a\u2013f-e1676715206146.png\">\n\t\t\t<\/a><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-18317-3-1-2\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-last-child\" data-index=\"6\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>Figure representing tests whether DNA nanopores permit label-free, direct, and specific detection of IgG antibodies at the single-molecule level. Specific and label-free IgG sensing using DNA nanopores Sqr-10-Biot using bilayer <a href=\"\/products\/orbit-mini\/\">Orbit mini<\/a> \/ <a href=\"\/products\/orbit-16-tc\/\">Orbit 16 TC<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41565-022-01116-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Xing Y., et al. Nature Nanotechnology (2022)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-18317-4\" class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\"><div class=\"panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-18317-4\"><div id=\"pgc-18317-4-0\" class=\"panel-grid-cell\"><div id=\"panel-18317-4-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_characters-max-header-widget panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"7\"><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-18317-4-0-0\"><div class=\"so-widget-characters-max-header-widget so-widget-characters-max-header-widget-default-d75171398898-18317\"><div class=\"characters-max-header\">\n\t<h4 style=\"color: #77c2a1;font-weight: 700;\">Toxins and antimicrobial peptides<\/h4><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-18317-4-1\" class=\"panel-grid-cell\"><div class=\"panel-cell-style panel-cell-style-for-18317-4-1\"><div id=\"panel-18317-4-1-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child\" data-index=\"8\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>Toxins are peptides and macromolecules secreted by plants, bacteria, and higher animals as tools for defense or predation. They are designed \u2013 inter alia \u2013 to attack, perforate or cross the cell membrane of a given target cell to degrade chemical gradients or to deploy their specific activity inside the host cell. The exact mechanism of the interaction between a given toxin and a lipid bilayer is not well understood by most toxins and can be investigated down to a single molecule level on bilayers of freely definable composition.<\/p>\n<p>In the recommended publication below, <a href=\"\/products\/orbit-mini\/\">Orbit mini<\/a> was used for the investigation of the pore-forming protein Bryoprin with artificial lipid bilayers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-18317-4-1-1\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-last-child\" data-index=\"9\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jbc.org\/article\/S0021-9258(22)00898-5\/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Solinc G., et al. Journal of Biological Chemistry (2022)<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-18317-5\" class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\"><div id=\"pgc-18317-5-0\" class=\"panel-grid-cell\"><div class=\"panel-cell-style panel-cell-style-for-18317-5-0\"><div id=\"panel-18317-5-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-headline panel-first-child\" data-index=\"10\"><div class=\"all-font-bold panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-18317-5-0-0\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-headline so-widget-sow-headline-default-810623cd80db-18317\"><div class=\"sow-headline-container \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"sow-headline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tTowards sequencing through nanopores\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-18317-5-0-1\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"11\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>Nanopores, i.e. apertures with diameters in the nanometer range in an otherwise nonconductive surface, can be exploited for the detection and investigation of molecules on a single particle level and ultimately for applications like the sequencing of DNA, RNA and even the primary structure of proteins. While solid-state nanopores are artificially engineered in materials like silicone nitride or aluminum oxide, lipid bilayers can provide a stable nonconductive matrix for the insertion of biological nanopores like e.g. alpha-Hemolysin or Aerolysin. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/jacs.2c06211\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span class=\"hlFld-ContribAuthor\">Ensslen et al, JACS 2022<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"loa-info hlFld-Affiliation\">\n<div class=\"loa-info--wrapper\">\n<div class=\"loa-info-scifinder\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-18317-5-0-2\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-button panel-last-child\" data-index=\"12\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-button so-widget-sow-button-flat-01cb4e441d5d-18317\"><div class=\"ow-button-base ow-button-align-left\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"\/resources\/target-database\/\" class=\"btn-primary sowb-button ow-icon-placement-left ow-button-hover\">\n\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tTarget database\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-18317-5-1\" class=\"panel-grid-cell\"><div class=\"panel-cell-style panel-cell-style-for-18317-5-1\"><div id=\"panel-18317-5-1-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_image-out-container-theme-widget panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"13\"><div class=\"panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-18317-5-1-0\"><div class=\"so-widget-image-out-container-theme-widget so-widget-image-out-container-theme-widget-default-d75171398898-18317\">    <div class=\"img-out-container-warp\" style=\"max-width:495px;position:relative;transform: translateX(-0px); float:left; left:0; z-index: 10;\">\n        <div class=\"dotted-grid bottom-right  \" data-translatemarky=\"103\" data-translatemarkx=\"100\" data-duration=\"180%\" data-mobilemargin=\"no\" style=\"width:450px;height:340px; max-width:100%;\"><\/div>        <div class=\"img-out-container\">\n            <noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"990\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Pores-and-Toxins_990x720-1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt srcset=\"https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Pores-and-Toxins_990x720-1.jpg 990w, https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Pores-and-Toxins_990x720-1-300x218.jpg 300w, https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Pores-and-Toxins_990x720-1-768x559.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 990px) 100vw, 990px\"><\/noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"990\" height=\"720\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20990%20720%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\" class=\"attachment-full size-full lazyload\" alt srcset=\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%20990%20720%22%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E 990w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 990px) 100vw, 990px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Pores-and-Toxins_990x720-1.jpg 990w, https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Pores-and-Toxins_990x720-1-300x218.jpg 300w, https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Pores-and-Toxins_990x720-1-768x559.jpg 768w\" data-src=\"https:\/\/nanion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Pores-and-Toxins_990x720-1.jpg\">        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n    <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-18317-6\" class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\"><div class=\"siteorigin-panels-stretch panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-18317-6\" data-stretch-type=\"full\"><div id=\"pgc-18317-6-0\" class=\"panel-grid-cell\"><div class=\"panel-cell-style panel-cell-style-for-18317-6-0\"><div id=\"panel-18317-6-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-headline panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"14\"><div class=\"all-font-bold panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-18317-6-0-0\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-headline so-widget-sow-headline-default-f63c946382f4-18317\"><div class=\"sow-headline-container \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"sow-headline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\tElectrophysiology<br>in bilayers\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-18317-6-1\" class=\"panel-grid-cell panel-grid-cell-mobile-last\"><div id=\"panel-18317-6-1-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child\" data-index=\"15\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<h3><strong>Single ion channel<\/strong> recordings in lipid bilayers<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div id=\"panel-18317-6-1-1\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor\" data-index=\"16\"><div class=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\">\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>Whole-cell patch clamping allows for the straightforward and high-throughput compatible investigation of ion channels in living cells. Detailed information about open probabilities, unitary currents, and the precise kinetic behavior of an ion channel can, however, only be obtained on a single channel level. The introduction of ion channels to lipid bilayers provides a convenient and reliable alternative to the tedious and difficult technique of cell-attached recordings on native membranes. Currents evoked by ion channels introduced into lipid bilayers can conveniently be recorded on the <a href=\"\/products\/orbit-mini\/\">Orbit mini<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-022-04637-w#auth-Maria_V_-Yelshanskaya\" data-test=\"author-name\" data-track=\"click\" data-track-action=\"open author\" data-track-label=\"link\" data-author-popup=\"auth-Maria_V_-Yelshanskaya\">Yelshanskaya M.V., et al. 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